Seven Questions

All sex facts / The animal kingdom

The male seahorse is pregnant, in the full sense

Not carrying eggs — an actual placenta, and actual labour.

The male seahorse is pregnant, in the full sense
Photo: Hans Hillewaert · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

The female deposits her eggs into a pouch on the male's abdomen and swims off. What happens next is not storage. The pouch tissue grows a placenta-like structure that supplies oxygen and nutrients, regulates salinity, and removes waste. The male's immune system suppresses itself so it does not reject the embryos, exactly as a mammalian pregnancy does.

After two to four weeks he goes into labour, with muscular contractions that can last hours, and expels up to two thousand fully formed young. Seahorses are the only animals known where the male is pregnant by every biological definition of the word.

Sources

Stölting & Wilson, BioEssays (2007); Whittington et al., Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

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General information, not medical advice. Anything persistent or painful belongs with a doctor, who has heard it before.